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AI Agents in Relational RAG: Simplifying Data Retrieval

Written by Dr. Jagreet Kaur Gill | 19 December 2024

Relational Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with retrieval capabilities from structured databases. While conventional RAG setups focus on unstructured data like documents or web content, Relational RAG is a targeted evolution designed to extract precise insights from structured relational data. This approach unlocks new potential for industries that rely heavily on accurate, real-time data retrieval, including finance, manufacturing, and healthcare, where efficient, reliable, and contextual data access can drive better decision-making. 

 

Background: Overview of Core Concepts


What is Relational RAG? 

Relational RAG is hybrid systems that combine relational databases with LLM so that users can fetch insights from structured databases using natural language inputs. Relational RAG's peculiar focus lies in making interactions with relational databases such as SQL databases by transforming structured rows and tables into semantics-meaning vector representations. Such vectors are stored in memory in a vector database and retrieved using similarity searches; in this way, the language model can return answers based on precise, structured information. 

Why Use Relational RAG for Structured Data? 

Relational Databases are far more structured but much less accessible to a non-technical user. Powerful, traditional SQL queries are language-specific but do not understand semantic meaning, so here is a tremendous opportunity for organizations to exploit the semantic understanding of the LLMs together with database retrieval to allow non-experts to 'pull insights' from a complex database just by asking questions using Relational RAG. It opens a new realm of accessible data, faster workflows, and minimal technical query building, which is efficient for applications in interpreting actual, real-time data. 

Explore how proactive security measures can safeguard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications, ensuring data privacy, accuracy, and trust in AI-driven systems.


Implementation: Relational RAG

The following step-by-step procedure can be followed to develop an RAG system for storing and retrieving database records in a vector store. 

Step 1: Data extraction and preprocessing

1.1 Extract Records: Query your relational database to extract all records that contain useful information. 1.2 Data Transformation: Convert each record into JSON or text strings that encapsulate the key fields for vectorization. Collect metadata and store it if possible for fast retrieval. 

Step 2: Generation Embedding

2.1 Choose an NLP Model: Use a language model like BERT or OpenAI to generate vector embeddings representing each record’s semantic meaning. 

2.2 Embed Records: Develop an agent that takes in the summary of the records extracted and passes through the model to get the embeddings, which are stored in the vector database for future use.
  

Step 3: Vector storage

3.1 Use a Vector Database: Select one of the vector databases, for example, Pinecone, Weaviate or FAISS. 

3.2 Indexing and Metadata Storage: Store these and their metadata for retrieval and references. 

Step 4: Query Processing

4.1 Query Embedding: The same NLP model is applied to each query input to transform it into an embedding. 

4.2 Similarity Search: Develop an agent that uses retrievers from langchain library to perform a similarity search over the vector database using the query embedding above to find all similar records.

Step 5: Run Data Extraction and Filtering

5.1 Fetch the data: Fetch the most related k records next to the similarities scores.  

5.2 The collected data is then transmitted to an agent with contextual data to generate the context-aware response.

Architecture Diagrams and Explanations

The architecture for Relational RAG consists of multiple layers: 

  1. Schema Reader: Connects to the relational database, reads the structure of the schema, and knows the relationships between tables and columns. This component helps map the data during embedding and retrieving processes. 

  2. Embedding Generator agent: This agent takes one row or related fields of a relational database and represents it as a numerical vector, capturing its semantic meaning, translating the structured data into embeddings and allowing similarity-based search that lets RAG perform well on relational data. 

  3. Metadata Embedding Agent: In addition to content embedding, table or column names are also embedded as metadata to provide contextual information for the record. An agent enhances the vector representation by connecting the record with its structural and contextual information, which is useful in filtering and retrieval. 

  4. Vector Similarity Agent: It manages a vector database storing all these embeddings. After performing a user query, it conducts a similarity search to get relevant records within proximity to retrieve similar records efficiently. 

  5. Query Handling Agent: This agent accepts user input, processes the query, and produces a vector embedding that reflects the semantic meaning of the query. These query embeddings can then be used for similarity matching against the stored embeddings. 

  6. Response Agent It uses contextual information and makes coherent responses in natural language. It generates the answer to the user's question by directly synthesizing the retrieved records and making conversational systems informative. 

  

Key Benefits of Relational RAG

  • Improved query precision: Relational RAG uses vector-based retrieval. Here, queries are matched with data on semantic similarity rather than keyword matching. This helps give the user relevant responses even though the user is not necessarily using the exact field names or technical terms. 

  • Improved access to data: This approach allows access to relational databases in natural language; thus, nontechnical users can immediately interact with complex databases without requiring SQL skills. 

  • Real-Time Responses: It can retrieve and generate real-time answers. This architecture works well in fast markets, like finance and retail, where information must be timely.  

  • Data Consistency and Reliability: Because Relational RAG extracts the data directly from structured databases, the responses always depend on the latest sources of accurate data, thereby free from errors and with better decision-making within the departments.

      
Cases Studies of Relational RAG
  • Finance: In the finance sector, Relational RAG can support real-time risk assessment by retrieving customer transaction histories, credit scores, and recent financial movements, providing a comprehensive analysis without manual data processing.

  • Manufacturing: Relational RAG can help with predictive maintenance in manufacturing. It can retrieve information related to historical performance of machines and downtime that would help the operators predict their equipment's maintenance needs, minimize breakdowns, and increase efficiency. 

  • Healthcare: It provides rapid access to patient histories and records of treatment to health-care providers, allowing for individualized care advice and reducing time spent in manual querying systems. 


Integration with Akira AI

To implement Relational RAG on the Akira AI platform: 

  1. Database Integration and Data Ingestion: The platform allows the smooth ingestion of structured data by allowing users to automatically set pipelines to import data into RAG workflows. 

  2. Embed generation for relational data: This can be achieved by integrating NLP models that map relational data to vector embeddings. The platform interface offers the flexibility of embedding tuning based on data types, and after this, the system determines what relationship to preserve. 

  3. Personalized Query Processing: Users can also personalize personal agents for query processing. After the input query is fed, the system's agents generate query embedding and perform a similarity search. Users can further track metadata filtering to obtain contextually relevant records that enhance the correctness of the obtained responses.

  4. User Access and Workflow Customization: AkiraAI provides full access controls and configuration options. This allows users to decide retrieval settings, security profiles, and compliance filters wherein workflows can be safe by customizing approaches according to diverse use cases. 

 

Discover how the integration of Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is enhancing AI’s ability to provide contextually accurate, insightful responses across industries.


Challenges of Relational RAG
 

  1. Complexity in Data Structuring: Relational databases can be structurally complex because various tables are linked through several relationships. Effective embeddings involving such complexity typically require high-level models and strategic techniques. 

  2. Scalability of Embedding Generation: Converting large relational datasets into embeddings is computationally expensive. Managing scalability, especially in large databases, is computationally expensive and may lead to latency in real-time applications.

  3. Data Privacy and Security: Data security is a real challenge when complying with GDPR within the framework of RAG when dealing with relational tables. 

  4. Quality and Relevance of Retrieval: Unlike text, structured data contains well-defined fields that may lack direct semantic meaning; query matching must be carefully tuned to avoid retrieving irrelevant records but not producing redundant or wrong responses. 


Future Trends in Relational RAG  

  1. Hybrid embedding techniques: Improvements in hybrid embeddings that combine tabular and text embeddings may well capture detailed relational data relationships and thus help improve retrieval quality.

  2. Federated Learning for  RAG: With the growing perception of privacy, federated learning can potentially allow relational RAG to learn from diverse data sources without ever aggregating centrally. 

  3. Automated Schema Understanding: The future RAG systems may use advanced AI agents to automatically perceive database schemas and remove the inference requirement for mapping relational structures into embeddings.

  4. Real-time embedding: RAG systems could dynamically mirror the database by real-time embedding updates, such as dynamic or streaming embeddings in fast-moving industries and potentially higher accuracy.  

  5. Cross-domain relational RAG systems: Architecture for multi-agent RAG can be developed for cross-domain applications where data related to several sources can be aggregated to provide more holistic insights. Such domains include finance, healthcare, and logistics. 

Conclusion: AI Agents for Relational RAG

Relational RAG is a transformative approach for leveraging structured data within the flexibility of language models, making database interactions more accessible, reliable, and accurate. With applications in multiple industries and evolving trends in AI, Relational RAG stands as a powerful tool for enterprises looking to unlock the full potential of their relational data.